US3796193A - Boiler construction - Google Patents

Boiler construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3796193A
US3796193A US00350220A US3796193DA US3796193A US 3796193 A US3796193 A US 3796193A US 00350220 A US00350220 A US 00350220A US 3796193D A US3796193D A US 3796193DA US 3796193 A US3796193 A US 3796193A
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Prior art keywords
legs
water
boiler
sections
firebox
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00350220A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Martin
E Shirley
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Trane US Inc
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American Standard Inc
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B17/00—Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane
    • F22B17/10—Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two sectional headers each for every set, i.e. with headers in a number of sections across the width or height of the boiler
    • F22B17/12—Water-tube boilers of horizontally-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being inclined slightly with respect to the horizontal plane built-up from water-tube sets in abutting connection with two sectional headers each for every set, i.e. with headers in a number of sections across the width or height of the boiler the sectional headers being in vertical or substantially-vertical arrangement

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This application covers a wet base boiler of the multisection type, that is, a boiler in which the firebox is surrounded by water, but one of the legs of each section, i.e., the left leg, is finned to increase the rate of heat transfer to that leg, while the other leg, ie., the right leg, may remain unfinned.
  • This one-sided finned construction results in an improved quality of steam for boilers operated to generate steam.
  • a tankless water coil may be added to the boiler, either positioned in the water chamber above the firebox or in the nipple port area.
  • This application relates generally to boilers and, more particularly, to multi-section boilers of the wet base type, that is, boilers embodying a firebox which feeds heat to water contained in the several sections each of which include interconnected conduits or other passages surrounding the firebox, the conduits usually including a basal leg located beneath the firebox, right and left side legs in the corresponding sides of the firebox, and a compartment segment above the firebox.
  • One of the principal objects of this invention is to improve the operation of a wet base type of boiler and to increase its efficiency.
  • Another of the principal objects of this invention is to simplify the construction and improve the operating efficiency ofa wet base boiler and improve its heat generating capacity per unit of fuel used while reducing the cost of production of such a boiler construction.
  • the right and left legs are unfinned conduits of the same cross-sectional dimensions and of the same length, but a refractory plate or plates are inserted within the firebox against one of the side walls of the firebox, i.e., the right wall, which serve to delay the transfer of heat from the firebox to the water within the right legs without affecting the transfer of heat to the water of the left legs or the basal legs.
  • the delay in the transfer of heat to the right legs renders the water in the right legs at a temperature which is somewhat lower than that within the left legs. Hence, the water in the left legs rises due to its higher temperature, while the water in the right legs descends.
  • This may be regarded as a thermal pump effect, driving the water in the boiler into a circuitous path.
  • the water thus rises in each left leg, then travels to the right in each water chamber segment, then travels downwardly in each right leg and then moves to the left in each basal leg.
  • This clockwise circulation is repeated again and again, thereby improving the operating efficiency of the boiler.
  • the insertion of the refractory plate or plates against one of the side walls of the firebox substantially changes heat transfer from the burning fuel in the firebox.
  • the refractory plates are removable and sometimes become chipped 'or broken during removal or after installation and use, thereby increasing the breakage hazards and reducing the life of the construction.
  • refractory plates are costly and, aside from the inherent reduction in heat transfer introduced by such plates, they are also subject to breakage in shipment and during storage. They also reduce the effective heating space within the firebox.
  • the invention of the present application overcomes these problems by eliminating the costly and somewhat fragile refractory plates.
  • one of the two equal legs of each section of the wet base boiler is supplied with fins or other metallic projections to improve the rate at which heat is supplied to the water flowing therethrough while the other leg remains unfinned.
  • the unfinned legs of all of the sections are preferably positioned beneath the steam discharge port or nipple port, as it is sometimes called, which interconnects the water chamber segments of the several sections so that the two legs of each section are fluidically coupled to the nipple port via the water chamber segments.
  • fins or other metallic projections to the left legs of the sections to increase the rate of heat transfer from the firebox to the left legs introduces a significant improvement in the quality of the steam generated in a boiler used for supplying steam.
  • a wet base boiler having finned left legs is also equipped with a so-called tankless heating coil which may be positioned in the nipple port or in the so-called steam chest adjacent to and perpendicular to the nipple port near the top of the boiler, an improvement in the heat transfer property of the boiler will be achieved.
  • the heat extracted by the tankless coil to raise the temperature of the water flowing through the tankless coil will aid in moving the-water in the right leg of each section in a downward direction because of its lower temperature and the water the left leg of each section in an upward direction. This will create a circulatory or clockwise motion in each section which will be repeated again and again, and it significantly improves the overall efficiency of the boiler operation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a wet base steam boiler when cut along a line mid-way between the right and left side walls of the boiler;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a front elevational view, in crosssection, of a wet base water boiler of this invention equipped with a tankless coil and viewed from the front face of the boiler",
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematicrepresentation, shown'in cross-section, of the wet base boiler illustrating the path of water traveling through the water sections and compartments of the sections of the boiler where the left legs are finned and the boiler is equipped with a tankless coil;
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of one of the sections of the boiler taken along the line 44 of FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a portion of a boiler employed for steam production, but excluding a coil for separately heating domestic water.
  • the firebox is designated FE and, as seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing, the firebox F8 is positioned within the four fluidically interconnected segments of each section of the boiler, namely sections RL, BL, LL and WC.
  • a nipple port NP fluidically interconnects all of the sections, the nipple port NPbeing directly connected to the water chamber WC segments of all of the sections.
  • the nipple port, designated NP may be in the upper right-hand corner of the boiler, as shown, extending from about the front of the boiler to about the rear of the boiler.
  • the nipple port NP being in communication with the upper chambers WC of all sections, receives the heated water or the generated steam, as the case may be for a water or steam boiler.
  • a tankless water heater TH may, if desired, be mounted within the water compartments WC of the boiler, as shown in FIG. 2, for separately heating water in the conventional manner. If desired, the tankless water heater TH may be mounted within the nipple port NP, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a fuel burner is shown in FIG. 1 and is designated EU. The construction of the fuel burner need not be explained because it is well known.
  • the right leg RL and the left leg LL of each section are substantially equal in length and have substantially the same cross-sectional dimensions, butthe left legs LL are finned while the right legs RL are unfinned.
  • both legs RL and LL of each section may be substantially rectangular in crosssection.
  • the basal leg BL of each section of the boiler fluidically interconnects the right leg RL and the left leg LL of each section to allow water to flow freely between the two interconnected legs.
  • the upper water compartments WC as already noted, interconnect all of the right legs RL with all of the corresponding left legs LL of the several sections.
  • the firebox FB may be regarded as located at the axis of the water passages or paths of all of the sections for feeding heat to all sections. As will become apparent from the disclosure of this invention, the firebox FB may also be regarded as the axis of the circulation or flow path of the water within the sections as the water is heated. The water may be considered as in active rotary motion about the firebox FB while being heated by the flaming gases within the firebox F8.
  • the basal legs BL also serve to insulate the firebox F8 from the ground and maintain the ground surface at a safe temperature.
  • the boiler may be employed for hot water production or for steam production, as may be desired, and the hot water or steam, whichever it may be, will be delivered to, and discharged through, the nipple port NP which is common to all of the sections and is connected to all sections through the passages of the water chamber segments WC.
  • steam collects above the water level WL, i.e., in the steam chest SC, as the temperature near the top of the water compartment segments WC reaches the boiling temperature.
  • the generated steam travels over the surface of the water WL through the steam chest region SC to and through the nipples of the several sections forming the nipple port NP at a velocity which depends upon the height of the water line WL as well as on the rate at which steam is generated.
  • the steam velocity will increase due to the reduction in the space through which the generated steam must flow, and vice versa, and, as the steaming rate increases, the velocity will likewise increase, and vice versa.
  • the steam bubble concentration will be less in the right legs RL of each section than in the left legs LL because of the slower reaction to the flame temperature of the firebox FB by the right legs which are unfinned. Consequently, because the composite nipple port NP of the several sections is positioned above all of the right legs RL, the water level at and near the nipple port region NP will be less disturbed due to the presence of fewer steam bubbles than the water above the left legs LL. This, therefore, reduces the percentage of water picked up by the traveling steam as it exits to and through the nipple port NP. Thus, the steam quality will be improved. This is an important improvement.
  • a tankless heater coil TH is embodied in the water chamber segments WC extending from the left side of the steam boiler to the right side of the boiler.
  • the heat of the firebox F8 is used to develop steam to be supplied, for example, to heat the interior space of a building, but the coil TH transports water to be heated separately and to be supplied by the boiler for other purposes.
  • the coil TH transports water to be heated separately and to be supplied by the boiler for other purposes.
  • cold water absorbs heat from the hot water in the water chamber WC.
  • the cold water in traveling from left to right in coil TH and absorbing heat from the water within chamber segments WC, cools the water within chamber segments WC.
  • the water within the chamber segments WC that is relatively cooled becomes more dense and drops. The dense water, therefore, flows into the right legs RL of the various boiler sections.
  • the increased density of the water flowing into the right legs RL from the water chamber segments WC is accompanied by the relatively higher temperature of the water in the left legs LL.
  • the path of the water may then be traced as traveling in a downward direction in all of the right legs RL, then to the left in all of the basal legs BL, then upwardly through all of the left legs LL, and then to the right through the water chamber segments WC.
  • This clockwise circulation will be continued and repeated.
  • the temperature of the fluid in the water chamber segments WC will drop. The drop in temperature soon interrupts the production of steam within the boiler and this interruption of steam production will continue until the transfer of heat to the water within coil TH ceases or drops to a substantially lower rate.
  • the boilers of the type shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 may be used to produce hot waterfor so-called space heating or for producing steam for space heating or for other purposes.
  • the water of elevated temperature, or the steam, as the case may be will be driven through the composite nipple port NP to supply the building or other structure where the heated fluid medium is to be utilized, for example, for heating the building.
  • All four legs RL, BL, LL and WC of the several sections will be active in moving the water to be heated in a continuous circuitous path in, for example, the clockwise direction and, at the same time, heat will be transferred from the flaming gases of the firebox F8 to the water in all four surrounding legs. Because of the addition of the tankless heater coils TH to the boilers of FIGS. 2 and 3, hot water will be also made available for separate use, as may be desired.
  • the boiler will operate to generate steam or hot water, as the case may be, for space heating or for other purposes, and the operation will be fully effective as long as no water, or substantially very little water, passes through and is heated in the tankless water coil TH.
  • the quality of the steam i.e., its dryness
  • the hot water -coil TH delivers a substantial quantity of hot water
  • cross-sectional shapes of the two legs RL and LL of each section although shown in FIG. 4 and described as preferably somewhat rectangular, may be of any other shape, such as circular, elliptical, etc., to achieve'the same or equivalent results.
  • the left legs LL of the sections were shown as finned so as to increase the heat absorbing property of the water within the left legs LL (above that for the water within right legs RL).
  • the right legs RL may also be similarly finned, but the number of fins may be smaller or they may be smaller in their heat absorbing property vis-a-vis those of the left legs LL so as to maintain a significant or desired differential between the two sets of legs.
  • the right legs RL of the sections may be finned while the left legs LL are unfinned or contain a reduced number of fins, the nipple port NP being positioned above the left legs LL.
  • This reversed arrangement will similarly improve the quality of the system developed by a steam boiler and, if a tankless water heater is added to the structure and positioned either adjacent the water chamber segments WC or within the nipple port NP, the temperature differentials developed within the side legs will reverse the travel path into a counter-clockwise movement about the firebox FB.
  • the firebox FB has substantially no refractory plate or other obstruction therein. All of the heat generated by the burning fuel within the firebox is directly applied to the four segments of each section. This is an important structural improvement. It is a distinct improvement over the arrangement of the type shown in the aforementioned US. Pat. No. 3,554,167.
  • the several sections of the boiler may be sealed gas-tight so as to be usable under forced draft.
  • the seal may be achieved by grooving one or both of the mating end-walls of each pair of adjacent sections and inserting a sealant therein, as shown and described in U. S. Pat. No. 3,533,379 to E. A. -Martin et al., issued Oct. 13, 1970 and assigned to the same assignee as the present application.
  • a boiler consisting of a plurality of coupled sections to be filled with water, each section including two substantially equal side legs, a basal leg fluidically interconnecting the bottoms of the side legs and a compartment segment fluidically connected to the tops of the side legs, a firebox bounded by said side legs, said basal legs and said compartment segments, the heat emanating from the firebox being directly applied to said side legs, said basal legs and said compartment segments, and heat-conductive fins affixed to those side legs positioned on one side of said firebox to increase the heat transfer rate only with respect to the legs to which the fins are affixed.
  • a boiler according to claim 1 having a nipple port located above the compartments and positioned on that side of the boiler which is adjacent to the legs which do not embody fins.
  • a boiler according to claim 2 having a water heater coil mounted within the boiler for heating water separately transmitted through said coil.
  • a wet base boiler having a plurality of closely adjacent sections each having oppositely positioned side legs, .a basal leg interconnecting the bottoms of the side legs and a compartment segment interconnecting the tops of said side legs, a common firing space mounted between said side legs and also between the basal legs and said compartment segments and supplying heat to all of said legs and said compartment segments, a plu rality of metallic projections extending from one of the said legs of each section to vary the relative heat transfer rate to said opposing legs, whereby water supplied to the boiler and heated by the firebox will circulate continuously through all of the legs and the compartment segments in a path in which the water in the side legs bearing metallic projections flows upwardly while the water in the opposite side legs moves downwardly.
  • a wet base boiler according to claim 4 in which av nipple port is provided near the top of the compartment segments to receive the heated water of the compartment segments and any accompanying steam derived from the heated water.
  • a wet base boiler according to claim 5 including a water heater coil within the boiler for transmitting water which is supplied separately from the water traveling through the side legs of the sections.
  • a wet base boiler having a plurality of coupled sections each of which includes two spaced substantially parallel side legs of substantially equal cross-sectional dimensions and a basal leg interconnecting the lower ends of the side legs, a firebox seated on the basal legs of said sections and between the side legs, a compartment segment for each section positioned above the firebox and connected to the upper ends of the side legs so that water may flow between the said side legs and the compartment segments, means for determining the directivity of the water flow through the sections, said means comprising finned extensions applied to the legs located on one side of said firebox to increase the rate of heat transfer to said legs, the direction of water flow being in one direction in'the side legs on one side of the firebox and in the opposite direction in the side legs on the other side of the firebox.
  • a wet base boiler according to claim 8 including a coil through which watermay be independently transmitted, said coil being mounted within the boiler so as to be heated by the water in the compartment segments.
  • a wet base boiler having a plurality of adjacent coupled sections having opposed side legs which are heated from a common source of heat, and means for controlling the directivity of water flow through said sections, the legs on one side of each of the sections being finned while those on the other side of each section are unfinned, whereby water to be heated will flow in one direction through the finned legs and in the op posite direction through the unfinned legs.
  • a wet base boiler according to claim 12 in which the means for controlling the directivity of water flow includes a tankless water heating coil mounted in the boiler and heated by water traversing said sections.
  • a wet base boiler according to claim 13 having a nipple port positioned substantially vertically above the unfinned legs of the sections.
  • a wet base boiler having a plurality of adjacent coupled sections each having two parallel spaced legs, a basal leg connecting the bottoms of said legs and a water compartment segment near the top of the section connected to the tops of the legs and so arranged that water in said sections may be heated from a common source of heat, a water heating coil to be heated by the water in said compartment, and means for controlling the directivity of water flow through said sections, the legs on one side of each of the sections being finned while those on the other side of each section are unfinned, whereby water to be heated will flow in one direction through the unfinned legs and in the opposite direction through the finned legs.
  • a wet base boiler according to claim 16 having a nipple port positioned substantially vertically above the unfinned legs of the sections.
  • a boiler comprising a plurality of coupled sections to be filled with water, each section including two spaced parallel substantially equal side legs and a basal leg fluidically interconnecting the bottoms of the side legs, one of the side legs of each section being substantially finned while the opposite side leg is unfinned, a firebox seated between said parallel side legs and on said basal legs, a compartment segment for each section positioned above the firebox and fluidically interconnecting the upper ends of the side legs of said section, a water heater coil heated by water in said compartment segments, a nipple port mounted in said boiler above the unfinned side legs, the heat emanating from the firebox to be directly applied to all said side legs and said basal legs and to said compartment segheater coil is mounted in the nipple port.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
US00350220A 1973-04-11 1973-04-11 Boiler construction Expired - Lifetime US3796193A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100310241A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Jeremy Lee Hollis Tankless electric water heater with efficient thermal transfer

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5185005A (ja) * 1975-01-24 1976-07-26 Hitachi Ltd Boiranokanetsuteigenkideiriguchiryutaiondosaseigyosochi
JPS6136605A (ja) * 1984-07-26 1986-02-21 横河電機株式会社 ボイラ制御装置
JP4692983B2 (ja) 2004-07-12 2011-06-01 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 リポソーム封入物質がエンドソームから脱出可能なリポソーム

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB566115A (en) * 1943-04-05 1944-12-14 Beeston Boller Company Ltd Improvements in sectional heating boilers
US2407941A (en) * 1945-04-13 1946-09-17 Bryant Heater Co Boiler
US2617392A (en) * 1952-01-08 1952-11-11 Anthony J Donohue Tankless water heater
US3192907A (en) * 1960-09-17 1965-07-06 Fur Oelfeuerungen Ag Heater of uniform specific loading
FR1419490A (fr) * 1964-01-28 1965-11-26 Buderus Eisenwerk Chaudière de chauffage à éléments pour combustibles liquides et gazeux
US3554167A (en) * 1969-04-01 1971-01-12 American Standard Inc Boiler construction

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH047390U (en]) * 1990-05-08 1992-01-23

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB566115A (en) * 1943-04-05 1944-12-14 Beeston Boller Company Ltd Improvements in sectional heating boilers
US2407941A (en) * 1945-04-13 1946-09-17 Bryant Heater Co Boiler
US2617392A (en) * 1952-01-08 1952-11-11 Anthony J Donohue Tankless water heater
US3192907A (en) * 1960-09-17 1965-07-06 Fur Oelfeuerungen Ag Heater of uniform specific loading
FR1419490A (fr) * 1964-01-28 1965-11-26 Buderus Eisenwerk Chaudière de chauffage à éléments pour combustibles liquides et gazeux
US3554167A (en) * 1969-04-01 1971-01-12 American Standard Inc Boiler construction

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100310241A1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2010-12-09 Jeremy Lee Hollis Tankless electric water heater with efficient thermal transfer
US8107802B2 (en) 2009-06-05 2012-01-31 Jeremy Lee Hollis Tankless electric water heater with efficient thermal transfer

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JPS50201A (en]) 1975-01-06
CA977636A (en) 1975-11-11

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